REQUIREMENTS OF EN 131

Are you looking for reliable information on the current ladder standard EN 131? Here you will find everything you need to know about the European standard EN 131 for portable ladders.

EUROPEAN STANDARDS EN 131

SIMPLY EXPLAINED, QUICKLY CLARIFIED:

On this page, we have compiled everything you need to know about the current EN 131 standard in a compact and clear format. From the stand widening for leaning ladders to the specifications for articulated ladders, here you will find the essential content on the various requirements for ladders (EN 131-1, EN 131-2, EN 131-3, EN 131-4). 

PART 1

DESIGNATION, TYPES, FUNCTIONAL DIMENSIONS

(Current version 02/2016)

EN 131 Standverbreiterungen für Anlegeleitern

Stand extension for leaning ladders

  • According to the current version of the standard, all ladders that can be used as leaning ladders and are longer than 3,000 mm when extended must be equipped with a stand extension (e.g. in the form of a cross-beam).
  • The length of the extension depends on the ladder length, but is a maximum of 1,200 mm.
EN 131 Blockierung von entnehmbaren Leiterteilen.

Blocking of removable ladder sections

  • In the case of extension ladders or combination ladders where the upper ladder section is longer than 3,000 mm, it must either be secured against removal and separate use or also be fitted with a stand extension, which must not, however, impair safe use.
  • This primarily applies to extension ladders with more than 2×10 rungs and combination ladders, three-section ladders with more than 3×10 rungs.

PART 2

REQUIREMENTS, TESTING, LABELING

(Current version 04/2017)

EN 131 Unterscheidung Einsatz Profi und Privat

Two different ladder classes

  • According to the current version of the standard, ladders are divided into two classes:
    • Ladders for professional use (professional)
    • Ladders for non-professional use (private)
  • Depending on the class, ladders must be tested by the manufacturer according to different test requirements.
EN 131 Dauerhaltbarkeitsprüfung für Stehleitern

Durability test for freestanding ladders

  • Test method: One stile of the ladder is placed on a 20 mm height and the ladder is secured against slipping. The top rungs, steps or platform and a rung or step in the centre of the ladder are then alternately loaded with a test load of 1,500 N (approx. 153 kg).
  • Types of ladders tested: Freestanding ladders: all ladder types that can be used as a stepladder
  • Cycles:
    • Ladders for professional use (professional): 50,000 ×
    • Ladders for non-professional use (private): 10.000 ×
EN 131 Festigkeitsprüfung für Anlege- und Stehleitern

Strength test for single and freestanding ladders

  • Test method:
    • The strength test is carried out with the ladder in the use position. It must withstand the test loads without failure for one minute and must not show any fractures or visible cracks afterwards. However, permanent deformations are permissible.
  • Tested ladder types:
    • Stepladders: all ladder types that can be used as freestanding ladders
    • Leaning ladders: all ladder types that can be used in the leaning position
  • Test loads:
    • Ladders for professional use (professional): 2,700 N
    • Ladders for non-professional use (private): 2.250 N
EN 131 Verdrehungsprüfung für Stehleitern

Torsion test for freestanding ladders

  • Test method:
    • To test the torsional rigidity, a steel rod is attached to the top rung, step or platform with a 500 mm overhang and the ladder is loaded with 736 N (approx. 75 kg). The ladder stile on the opposite side is fixed in place. Then pull on the end of the bar opposite the fixed side with a test load of 137 N (approx. 14 kg). The unfixed ladder foot may move a maximum of 25 mm from its starting point.
  • Types of ladder tested:
    • Stepladders: all ladder types that can be used as freestanding ladders
  • Test loads:
    • The same test loads are used for the ‘Professional’ and ‘Private’ ladder classes in the torsion test.
EN 131 Prüfung der Rutschhemmung

Testing the slip resistance

  • Test method:
    • This test checks the slip resistance of the ladder feet or shoes. For this purpose, the ladder is placed on a glass plate and leant against a defined test surface. A test load of 1,471 N (approx. 150 kg) is then applied. This test must be repeated four times. The ladder must not have slipped outwards by more than 40 mm during the entire test procedure.
  • Types of ladder tested:
    • Leaning ladders: all ladder types that can be used in the leaning position
  • Test loads:
    • When testing the slip resistance, the same test loads are used for the ‘Professional’ and ‘Private’ ladder classes.

PART 3

USER INFORMATION

(Current version 01/2018)

EN 131 Gebrauchsanleitung

Part 3 of EN 131 regulates the user instructions. This includes, among other things, the definition of safety instructions in the form of pictograms, which must be affixed to the ladder. Written operating instructions in the national language must be supplied with every ladder. These must explain the above safety instructions and contain further information on assembly, use, maintenance and storage.

PART 4

SINGLE AND MULTI-JOINT LADDERS

(Current version 06/2020)

EN 131 Nutzung als Arbeitsplattform

Multipurpose ladders with 4x3 rungs that can be used as a working platform must be supplied by the manufacturer with a corresponding platform.

EN 131 Vorgaben für Gelenkleitern

Folding ladders such as height-adjustable combination ladders and multipurpose ladders must meet the design requirements of Part 1 of EN 131. This means that all ladders that can be used as leaning ladders and are longer than 3,000 mm when extended must be equipped with a stabilizer. The length of the stabilizer depends on the ladder length, but is maximum 1,200 mm.

EN 131 Vorgaben für Gelenkleitern

Articulated ladders must comply with the test specifications of Part 2 of EN 131. The strength test prescribed therein is carried out with the ladder in the position of use. For ladders with several pairs of joints, the test load must be applied above the uppermost pair of joints.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions & answers about EN 131

  • If a single, extension or rope-operated extension ladder is retrofitted with a cross-beam, does it then comply with the new standard?

    No, because the changes to EN 131 for ladders do not only affect the widening of the base for leaning ladders. In addition to the changes in Part 1 of the standard that affect the design, the requirements described in Part 2 for the tests that a ladder must undergo before the manufacturer can launch it on the market are also affected. In addition, new tests have been introduced (e.g. the slip resistance test on the ground for leaning ladders). Without testing a ladder built according to the old standard, there is no way of ensuring that it will meet the new requirements. It cannot be automatically assumed that a ladder retrofitted with a cross-beam also fully complies with the new standard.

  • How can I tell whether a ladder is suitable for private or commercial use?

    One new feature of Part 3 of EN 131 is the division of ladders into two classes:

    • Ladders for professional use (PRO)
    • Ladders for non-professional use (PRIVATE)

    Depending on the ladder class, the product must be tested by the manufacturer according to different test requirements, e.g. for the durability test for freestanding ladders:
     

    • 50,000 load cycles for ladders for professional use
    • 10,000 load cycles for ladders for non-professional use

    The standard clearly describes the mandatory labeling for ladders:

    • Ladders for professional use
    • Ladders for non-professional use
  • Are manufacturers allowed to bring new ladders onto the market after the standard changeover date (01/01/2018), even if they do not comply with EN 131?

    In principle, products may also be placed on the market that do not comply with an existing standard. However, the manufacturer is responsible for the safety of these products and must ensure that there is no danger to the user in the event of so-called “foreseeable misuse”. This means specifically that leaning ladders longer than three meters without a stabilizer bar may be placed on the market as long as it is ensured that the user is clearly aware of how to ensure safe use of the ladder (e.g. by fixing the ladder) and receives all the necessary parts from the manufacturer (e.g. suspension hooks). However, if the product description and fittings are designed in such a way that they are also aimed at users who simply do without the required stabilizers but also do not want to fix the ladder, the manufacturer exposes himself to a considerable liability risk.

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